Suggested responses

Suggested responses to Module 1 Development process - exercise 2: process flow chart

 * 1. Find other people who are also want to get land for settlement
 * 2. Elect a leadership committee to represent your needs
 * 3. Start saving for your future development needs
 * 4. Identify potential land you want to develop
 * 5. Get approval from government to move onto the land
 * 6. Arrange for communal standpipes and toilets to be installed on the land ready for when people move onto the land
 * 7. Arrange for interim occupation certificates to be provided when people move onto the land
 * 8. Move onto land and build a temporary house
 * 9. Make improvements with your own resources to the temporary house you have built
 * 10. Upgrade the services from communal standpipes and toilets to water and toilets per plot.
 * 11. Upgrade tenure from an interim occupation certificate to individual ownership
 * 12.Use government housing subsidy funding for top structures to add to the temporary house you built
 * 13. Make improvement to and maintain your government subsidised house

Suggested responses to Module 1: Development process – exercise 3: upgrading

 * 4. Identify potential land you want to develop
 * 1. Find other people who are also want to get land for settlement
 * 8. Move onto land and build a temporary house
 * 2. Elect a leadership committee to represent your needs
 * 3. Start saving for your future development needs
 * 5. Get approval from government to move onto the land
 * 6. Arrange for communal standpipes and toilets to be installed on the land ready for when people move onto the land
 * 7. Arrange for interim occupation certificates to be provided when people move onto the land
 * 9. Make improvements with your own resources to the temporary house you have built
 * 10. Upgrade the services from communal standpipes and toilets to water and toilets per plot.
 * 11. Upgrade tenure from an interim occupation certificate to individual ownership
 * 12.Use government housing subsidy funding for top structures to add to the temporary house you built
 * 13. Make improvement to and maintain your government subsidised house

Suggested responses to Module 1: Development process - exercise 4 comparison
RDP

Advantages •	A few lucky people get a house quickly •	Government is able to follow the housing development process that it is familiar with from past RDP housing projects

Disadvantages •	Many people will have to wait a long time to even get a RDP house. In the mean time they will have to continue to live in an informal settlement with no water and toilets and possibly with threat of eviction from the land. •	There is potential for more fighting and corruption as there is a big difference between those that get a RDP house now and those that have to wait •	The community is likely not to have much say over what the houses will look like

Incremental

Advantages •	Most the people in the community will be able to at least get a piece of land on which they can start to build a house •	the people can start to use their own money to build their houses as they know they will not be evicted

Disadvantages •	it requires a lot of effort and work by community •	People will have to wait some time to get more government assistance to improve their houses and get better water and services

Suggested responses to Module 2: bulk – Exercise 2
1.Conventional RDP individual ownership (not incremental) 2.Upgrading informal settlement (incremental settlement) 3.land invasion (not incremental) 4. Higher income private ownership (not incremental) 5. Backyard rental (not incremental settlement) 6. Social housing (mot incremental settlement) 7. Managed Land Settlement to group ownership. 8. Managed Land Settlement to individual rental and then individual ownership

Suggested response for module 2: Bulk - Exercise 3: Land options
Option A

Advantages
 * The luck y 10 people will get a nice house quickly

Disadvantages
 * The other 90 people will have to move somewhere eels with no help.

Option B

Advantages
 * All100 households will get a plot
 * The land is quite close to where you stay now

Disadvantages
 * The plots are very small
 * You will have to find somewhere else to live for 2 years until the RDP houses are finished.

Option C

Advantages
 * All households can get a plot.
 * The plots are nice size
 * The land is not too far
 * You will get some basic services

Disadvantages
 * You will only have communal ablutions and not know when the settlement will be upgraded.
 * You will be responsible for making sure no new shacks are built on the and in future

Option D

Advantages Each plot has its own water and pit latrine Disadvantages
 * All people and more can stay on big plots
 * The land is far from where you are living now.
 * You do not know when the land will be upgraded.

Suggested responses to module 2: Bulk – Exercise 4: allocation
Possible reasons why Pamela and friends allocated like they did.
 * They wanted to keep the social networks from the savings schemes together on the new land
 * They thought it was fairer to allocate the first land to those savings schemes that had started first
 * They realised that they would get experience in the MLS approach and would be able to share this with the other savings scams in future to help them get land

Some examples of other ways to do allocation could have been done.
 * They could have allocated all the church land on a first come first serve basis to all people in all the savings schemes
 * they could have put all names in a hat and had a random draw to determine who could move to the church land first

Suggested responses to Module 3: basic - exercise 2: basic products
basic organisation
 * savings schemes
 * housing groups
 * construction skills training
 * leadership skills training

Basic tenure
 * names on an occupation register kept by the each block residents committee
 * occupation certificate letter from the church

Basic services
 * 1 composting toilet per 4 houses
 * 1 communal standpipe per block
 * lined storm water drainage at main road crossings
 * roof water harvesting system and water tank per house

Basic facilities -
 * roof-on-pole structure for a multi-purpose meeting space and builder’s yard
 * mobile clinic

Suggested responses to Module 3: Basic – exercise 3: services
Communal water tap R10 000 R500/ house

Communal ablution with 4 toilets R20 000 R1 000/house

Basic road R40 000 R2000/ house

Enclosed central refuse collection container R10 000 R500/ house

Suggested responses to Module 3 Basic - exercise 4: tenure
1. (c) The outer boundary of the block of land that can accommodate all 20 houses is shown on a plan. The municipality signs a letter giving it to the group saying that your group of 20 people can stay on the land shown on the plan. It is then up to your group to decide where within the block each person can stay.

2. (b) Each individual plot within the block is shown on a plan kept by the elected block committee. Each plot is numbered. A list is kept by the elected block committee where the plot number is written next to your name

3. (d)Each individual plot within the block is shown on a plan that is kept by the municipality. Each plot is numbered. A list is kept by the municipality where the plot number is written next to your name. If you leave you must give your plot back to the municipality who can then give the plot to someone else.

4. (a) Each plot is shown on a plan that is kept by the municipality. Each plot is numbered. A list is kept by the municipality where the plot number is written next to your name. If you leave you can sell your rights to the plot to another person of your choice if this transaction is recorded by the municipality on their list of occupants.

Suggested responses to Module 4: self help - Exercise 2: local resources
Local resources used by Pamela
 * Stokvel (rotating savings and credit)
 * Christmas savings
 * Loan from church for water harvesting material from roof
 * savings loans from savings and credit cooperative
 * negotiated cheaper bank charges and better interest rates on savings
 * Collection of building material
 * skills audit of community members

Other possible resources
 * Tool sharing library

Suggested responses to Module 4: Self help: - Exercise 3: self build.
Approaches to house construction in article:
 * contractor
 * mutual self build, and
 * combination.

Examples of other ways to build houses:
 * building the house yourself with no assistance
 * getting a big contractor to build one families house
 * get big contractor to build all your houses,

Suggested responses to Module 4: aided self Help - Exercise 4: local jobs
How community was helped to get jobs
 * household and community gardens / permaculture
 * some church land used for pigs and chickens
 * used houses for small business
 * savings scheme provided business loans
 * houses rented out rooms and back yard rooms
 * Arranged training in business kills and bookkeeping etc.
 * Government built a housing support centre
 * Government created a special development zone for industry

What more could they have do?
 * arranged with government to employ local labour to maintain basic infrastructure

Suggested responses to Module 5: upgrade: - exercise 2: tenure
1. (d) A land surveyor goes onto site and measures in detail each individual plot that was created in the basic development phase. 2. (f) The land surveyor produces a general plan showing each individual plot and submits this to the surveyor general 3. (b) The Surveyor General approves the general plan and returns it to the land surveyor. 4. (g) The land surveyor gives the general plan to the Conveyancer. 5. (a) The conveyencer opens a township register at the deeds office that shows individual erf (property) numbers 6. (e) The conveyencer transfers property to individuals at the deeds office. 7. (c) Households get title deeds to their individual property

Suggested responses to Module 5: Upgrading – exercise 3: services
from communal water taps and roof rainwater tanks to water per house
 * Water

from one pit latrine for every four houses to double pit urine diversion composting toilet per house
 * Sewerage

from undeveloped roads with lined storm water at road intersections to improved roads and pedestrian paths – with additional storm water retention and detention ponds
 * Roads and storm water

from none to public street lights at intersections to  private pre payment electricity per house
 * Electricity

Suggested responses to Module 5: upgrade – exercise 4: house
Options for how neighbours can upgrade their house:

Neighbour 1: shack towards the back of a bigger plot
 * add a new room to shack
 * build a new house in front of shack

Neighbour 2: shack in the middle of a small plot
 * knock down shack
 * build a new house

Neighbour 3: well build slab with quite nice shack next to it
 * build new room on top of slab
 * add new room to side of well built shack

Neighbour 4: well build house with building plan approval
 * add new room to existing hose
 * add a second floor to the first approved house
 * Improve the finishes to first approved house

Suggested responses to Module 6: maintenance and improvement - activity 2: evaluation
At start of Bulk preparation stage
 * do a visioning exercise to get views from people of what they would like to see happen (this can be used later to compare what happened to what was originally expected.)

At end of bulk preparation stage
 * Reflect on what is going to be realistic and modify your expectations and plans accordingly

At end of the Basic development stage and just before move onto the Land at start of aided self development stage;
 * do a base line survey of socio economic profile of community
 * do a base line survey to get people’s expectations and vision

During the middle of the Self development phase
 * Hold reflection sessions to determine how you can make improvements to the self development, learning from the experiences you have had up to now

At end of the upgrade stage:
 * evaluate what you have achieved up to now to compare where you started at the beginning to where you are now, to learn lessons from the process that you can share with other communities and government so they can do better MLS processes

During the on-going maintenance and improvement stage at various intervals
 * evaluation to be able to compare the impact on community development of following a MLS approach over a long period of time with other communities that have followed other approaches like conventional RDP housing or social housing

Suggested responses to Module 6: maintenance and improvement – exercise 3: affordability and sustainability

 * Developed a culture of consistent savings
 * Paid back loans as quickly as possible to save in interest charges
 * Got indigent discount from municipality on service charges for those that qualified
 * Arranged for housing subsidies to help with upgrading
 * Started small businesses (like a sewing business)
 * Collected rainwater, did composting for the garden and invested in ceilings to save money on water, food and energy.
 * Improved skills to be able to get better jobs, even if temporary
 * Used basic tenure so did not have to pay high rates and taxes
 * negotiated for improved public transport to save travel costs